Screening is an effective strategy for early detection of diseases and is considered a secondary prevention program in public health; diagnostic tests are helpful in confirming diagnoses of diseases and can help the doctors determine the therapeutic plans for patients. Along with the progress in science and technology, novel screening and diagnostic tests are continuously put forward. Thus, the quality of screening and diagnostic tests is a critical issue. In this chapter, we will address the questions on how to assess the quality of various screening and diagnostic methods, in particular, the newly available ones, and how to make reasonable decisions on their application.
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